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pigeon pigeons
Nose Crest in Turkish Tumblers pigeons
By Dr. Türker Savaş
Intro:
As you know Takla is the most wide spread breed in Turkey. Even though, its
origins lie the East and South-East region of Turkey, today it is kept as
far West as Edirne. Parallel to this spread, a change also took place in how
its kept, it has become a show breed when it is a performance breed.
However, despite of this movement, there are still breeders who keep this
breed solely for performance.
Together
with the show movement, there have been changes to the color variations
of this breed also. Many new
color, which did not exist in the past, started to come out. Old dull blacks
left their place to the shiny dark blacks and the darker colors slowly
were
replaced by lighter colors. Again, marking variation of "Mermeri" or "Mermerit" named
barless birds started to show. In fact, the breeders no longer have any patience
for pied colors, which were just fine when the performance was
the only important factor.
Even
though, they were not as big in size, the nose crest was a common feature
of the Takla breed. Amount of
knowledge on the genetic mechanism of the nose crest is rather small. Nose
crest is thought to be recessive. However, there has not been any systematic
study on the genetic form of the nose crest. This theses study in bachelors
degree level is about researching nose crest's relationship with color,
age
and sex factors. Besides this, our goal is to understand some points regards
to hereditary mechanism in young bird & parents similarities and
its relationship with the size of nose crest.
Research Technique:
During this study, there have been measurements on 141 birds in the lofts of
breeders in and around the city of Çanakkale. Measurements consists of the
dimensions of the radius of the nose crests and the names used in the area
of Çanakkale for the different types of nose crest have been noted, as in
açma gül (open rose), punta gül (tight rose) and bıyıklı (mustashed).
Together with these, birds from bloodlines that carry nose crest but
themselves plain headed.
Findings and Results:
Birds in this study have been recorded in table 5, based on their nose crest
type, their parents nose crest type and the sex of each bird.
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Table 1: Number of each bird that was classified
by the type of
their nose crest and their parent's type of nose crest. |
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Parents |
|
Male |
Female |
| A |
A |
| A |
B |
| A |
T |
| A |
P |
| P |
B |
| D |
A |
| D |
T |
| D |
B |
| T |
A |
| T |
T |
|
|
Male Offspring |
| A |
B |
P |
T |
| 30 |
3 |
- |
1 |
| 1 |
2 |
- |
- |
| 5 |
- |
- |
- |
| 1 |
- |
- |
- |
| - |
- |
- |
- |
| - |
- |
- |
- |
| 1 |
- |
- |
- |
| 1 |
- |
2 |
- |
| - |
- |
- |
1 |
| - |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
|
Female Offspring |
| A |
B |
P |
T |
| 34 |
2 |
- |
- |
| 1 |
1 |
- |
- |
| 4 |
- |
1 |
- |
| - |
1 |
- |
- |
| - |
- |
1 |
- |
| 1 |
- |
- |
- |
| 1 |
- |
- |
- |
| - |
- |
4 |
- |
| - |
- |
- |
1 |
| - |
1 |
- |
1 |
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A: Açma (open rose); P:
Punta (tight rose); B: Bıyıklı (mustashed); T:
Tepesiz (plain head)
Plain headed bird listed on the first line of the
Table 1 is reported as having both parents with open rose most likely is
reported wrong by the breeder or the mother has mated with another bird
in the loft. Outside of this finding, as noted earlier, rest of the
results support the thought of nose crest, in relation to plain
headedness, following a recessive genetic route.
As shown in Table 2, birds with different colors have rather large
differences in the size of their roses. According to the averages
discussed, there is 5.7 mm difference between the rose size of black
selfs and yellow selfs. This figure might sound very small at first but
it is significant when dissected in proportional ratios, as it is almost
50% larger in size. However, what needs to be paid attention here is the
size difference of each color bird's body mass. Different color birds
can very well be different sizes.
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Table 2: Measurement of the radius of nose
crest of the birds that took
part in this study, averages based on their colors. |
| |
| Feather Color |
| Black Self |
| Blue Self |
| White Self |
| Yellow Self |
| Sabuni |
| Red Bar |
|
| Average |
| 11.2 |
| 12.3 |
| 14.5 |
| 16.9 |
| 11.2 |
| 15.0 |
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Table 3: Measurement of the radius of nose
crest of the birds that took
part in this study, averages based on their age
group. |
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In Table, 3 it is shown that adult
birds have 3 mm. larger roses then the young birds. Again this might
seem rather insignificant but its importance must be underlined. This is
because the 3 mm equals to 26% difference.
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Table 4: Measurement of the
radius of nose crest of the birds that took
part in this study, averages based on their sex (mm). |
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It is possible to see that the
female birds have larger roses then the male birds in table 4.
The relationship between the young birds' and each one of their parents'
rose size is numerically symbolized by the character "b". The value of "b"
changes between 0 and 1 and as it gets closer to 1 it is understood that the
similarity is greater. What is the meaning of less similarity or more of it.
Since, it is very natural for them to be very similar to their parents can
easily be said. However, this number being small does not mean the parents
have no effect on the size of the young birds rose size. It can only be
concluded that the difference of size for all of these birds is greatly
effected by the nutrition, care, environment and weather they are exposed
to. The other way around, as the "b" value being 1 or close to 1, shows the
environmental factors are not or very little factors in the size of the
rose. When we look at the "b" value (b= 0.73), parents average size in
comparison to young birds, we can say the variation of sizes in roses mostly
caused by parents, in other words hereditary. In addition to this, the
difference between the young bird/father and young bird/mother "b" values (bfather
= 0.56, bmother = 0.67) showing a greater similarity between the young bird
and the mother suggests that the mother is more of a factor on the size of
the young birds' rose. One of the contributing factors to this might be the
size of the egg and its nurturing value based on its size and how this
effects the body structure of the young bird. The other factor might be the
different genetic resources based on sex.
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Table 5: Father / Young bird,
Mother / Young bird and
average of parents / young bird comparison figures. |
| Method |
| Father/Young similarity |
| Mother/Young similarity |
| Parent's average/Young similarity |
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Summary of conclusions from this
study:
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There is a difference of rose size
in different color birds.
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Mature birds have larger roses
compared to young birds as expected. Because of this, it is important for
young birds to go through a molt season in order to show the true size of
their roses.
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In development of the size of the
roses environmental factors are not as big contributors as hereditary
factors.
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The effect of Father and Mother on
the size of the rose of the young bird is weighed more onto Mother.
Special thanks to:
For their contribution and support of this research, Administrators and
Members of the Çanakkale Pigeon Breeders Association, and for most, dear Ali
ÇELİK, Hakan DÜZENLİ, Erhan ÖZ and İsmail TOPCU.
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